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    Arsenic partitioning behavior during sludge co-combustion: Thermodynamic equilibrium simulation
    (Springer, 2019) Liu, Jingyong; Xie, Candie; Xie, Wuming; Zhang, Xiaochun; Chang, KenLin; Büyükada, Musa; Kuo, Jiahong; Evrendilek, Fatih
    Using the computation method of thermodynamic equilibrium, effects of sewage sludge (SS) co-combustion conditions and interactions with Fe2O3, SiO2, CaO and Al2O3 on migration and transformation of arsenic (As) were simulated in oxy-fuel (CO2/O-2) and air (N-2/O-2) atmospheres. Arsenic mainly existed as As(s), As-4(g), As2O5(s), As4O6(g) and AsO(g) and volatilized more easily in reducing than oxidizing atmosphere. Increased O-2 concentration slowed down the formation rate of AsO(g), thus reducing the volatilization rate of As. With the increased pressure, the conversion rate of As2O5(s) into As4O6(g) accelerated. In the multi-chemical system of SiO2, Al2O3 and CaO, As reacted with CaO and Al2O3 to form AlAsO4(s) and Ca-3(AsO4)(2)(s) which inhibited As volatilization. SiO2 prevented As from reacting with CaO to generate Ca-3(AsO4)(2)(s). Fe2O3 affected reactions between Al2O3(CaO) and As which inhibited As volatilization. In the whole SS co-combustion system, As reacted with O-2 but had a weak affinity with Cl and with no arsenic chlorides observed.
  • Küçük Resim
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    Influence of catalysts on co-combustion of sewage sludge and water hyacinth blends as determined by TG-MS analysis
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2018) Huang, Limao; Xie, Candie; Liu, Jingyong; Zhang, Xiaochun; Chang, KenLin; Kuo, Jiahong; Sun, Jian; Büyükada, Musa; Evrendilek, Fatih
    Effects of the three metal carbonates (K2CO3, Na2CO3, and MgCO3) were quantified on catalytic co-combustion of the sewage sludge and water hyacinth (SW) blend using a thermogravimetric-mass spectrometric (TG-MS) analysis and kinetics modeling. The main dominating steps of the catalysts were the organic volatile matter release and combustion stage. Weighted mean values of activation energy (E-m) were estimated at 181.18 KJ . mol(-1), 199.76 KJ . mol(-1), 138.76 KJ . mol(-1), and 177.88 KJ . mol(-1) for SW, SW + 5% K2CO3, SW + 5% Na2CO3, and SW+ 5% MgCO3, respectively. The lowest E-m occurred with SW+ 5% Na(2)CO3. Overall, catalyst effect on co-combustion appeared to be negligible as indicated by Gibbs free energy (Delta G). The normalized intensities of SW+ MgCO3 were strongest. The addition of Na2CO3 and MgCO3 to SW increased flue gases emissions (CO2, NO2, SO2, HCN, and NH3) of SW, whereas the addition of K2CO3 to SW reduced flue gases emissions from the entire combustion process.