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    Abelmoschus esculentus Seed Ethanol Extract Protects Against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Lung Injury in Rats through Anti-Inflammatory Properties
    (Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, 2023) Tirink, Omer Faruk; Bekdas, Mervan; Cetinkaya, Ayhan; Duzcu, Selma Erdogan; Alısık, Murat; Yoldas, Meyri Arzu
    Background: Acute lung injury is respiratory failure due to various causes. Increased inflammatory and oxidative processes are recognized to play an essential role in the etiology of ARDS. Abelmoschus esculentus is an herbal product used to treat various diseases due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. We aimed to investigate whether Abelmoschus esculentus has an effect on acute lung injury. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, we used the ethanol extract of Abelmoschus esculentus seed. It divided forty male Wistar rats into five equal groups: 1) control, 2) Abelmoschus esculentus, 3) lipopolysaccharide, 4) lipopolysaccharide+Abelmoschus esculentus, and 5) lipopolysaccharide+ Abelmoschus esculentus +dexamethasone groups. Results: In the lipopolysaccharide group, native thiol, total thiol, IL-10, and IFN-? levels significantly changed. Abelmoschus esculentus was effective when used with dexamethasone in increasing native thiol and total thiol values (p=0.008 and p=0.004, respectively). On the other hand, when Abelmoschus esculentus was used alone, it significantly increased IL-10 levels and decreased IFN-? levels in the lipopolysaccharide group (p=0.025 and p<0.001, respectively). Additionally, improvements were noted in histological findings of alveolar congestion (p=0.006), intra-alveolar hemorrhage (p=0.006), and intra-alveolar macrophages (p=0.001). Conclusion: Abelmoschus esculentus, with its anti-inflammatory effect, may represent a new potential for treating acute lung injury. © 2023 NRITLD, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Iran.
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    Anesthesia Applications in Experimental Neurological Disease Modeling
    (Duzce Univ, Fac Medicine, 2024) Cetinkaya, Ayhan; Celik, Humeyra
    Neuroscience, which covers the molecular mechanisms employed by the brain to cause neurological diseases and how they can be treated, remains current as the subject of high-budget investigations to develop early diagnosis and new treatment modalities with multidisciplinary approaches. For this purpose, creating the appropriate model with the correct modality and anesthesia in neurological in vivo experimental models is the most important phase to obtain accurate results and ensure animal welfare. To manage anesthesia in rodents, knowing the physiological characteristics of anesthetics and their risks will strengthen experimental procedures. Among the injectable anesthetics, ketamine, xylazine, and pentobarbital are the most frequently preferred agents for general anesthesia in short surgical procedures. Isoflurane and sevoflurane are inhaler anesthetics that are administered through a vaporizer because they are liquids. Important advantages of inhaled anesthetics, such as rapid induction and rapid withdrawal, make inhaled anesthetics stand out in neuroscience studies. In this review, the properties of frequently used anesthetic agents in rodents, their usage methods, and which model they are preferred will be discussed. For this purpose, the selection of appropriate anesthetics in animal models such as epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, ischemia-reperfusion injury, traumatic brain injury, ischemic stroke, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and ophthalmic surgical procedures and their side effects will be reviewed.
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    The Antioxidant Effects of Sesamol on Bleomycin-Induced Oral Submucous Fibrosis
    (Istanbul University Press, 2022) Erimsah, Sevilay; Cetinkaya, Ayhan; Uyeturk, Ummugul; Uyeturk, Ugur; Yazir, Yusufhan
    Objective: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a disease characterized by abnormal collagen deposition that causes inflammation and malignancy in oral mucosal tissue. Fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, are the cells that show significant activation in the development of OSF. Bleomycin (BL) is a chemotherapeutic agent commonly used in cancer treatment that also causes inflammatory changes in the oral mucosa, initiating fibrosis in the oral submucosal tissue. Sesamol (SE) has antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties which are abundant in sesame seeds and sesame oil, and SE has a beneficial effect on the mucosal layer. This experimental study aimed to investigate SE’s effects on BL-induced OSF. Materials and Methods: The study obtained 18 healthy adult male albino rats aged 3-4 months and weighing 200-250g from Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University’s Experimental Animal Application and Research Center. The rats were divided randomly into control, BL, and BL + SE groups (n = 6 in each group). A model of OSF was established in the rats by administering 0.5 mg/mL of BL and 50 mg\kg of SE to the BL+SE group each day. The hematoxylin and eosin stain and Masson’s trichrome stain were used to assess histopathological changes in the oral mucosa. Results: The results revealed SE to have beneficial effects on BL-induced OSF through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Histopathological evaluations and biochemical analysis of oral submucosal tissue samples also revealed SE to provide statistically significant protection against fibrosis in the oral mucosa (p < 0.01). Conclusion: This study has demonstrated oral submucous fibrosis that develops due to BL as well as SE to have an antioxidant effect on OSF regarding BL-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) activation and collagen synthesis. © 2022, Istanbul University Press. All rights reserved.
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    Effects of Estrogen and Progesterone on Biomarkers of Neurogenic Inflammation Underlying Migraine in Rats
    (Karger, 2021) Cetinkaya, Ayhan; Kilinc, Erkan; Camsari, Cagri; Ogun, Muhammed Nur
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    Investigation of penicillin-induced epilepsy model in female rats with different estrous cycles by ECoG method
    (Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2023) Cetinkaya, Ayhan; Kara, Sinem; Bozat, Bihter; Yabalak, Ahmet
    Aim: Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease characterized by recurrent seizures resulting from an imbalance in neuronal excitation. It is known that there is a tendency for seizures to cluster in both men and women at certain periods. This study aims to compare electrocorticogram (ECoG) recordings in an experimentally induced epilepsy model using penicillin, conducted at different estrous cycles of female rats. Subjects and Methods: Prior to commencing the epilepsy experiments, vaginal smears were collected from the animals every morning for 1 week, at the same time each day, for cytological examination. After confirming that the estrous cycles (proestrus, estrous stage, metestrus, and diestrus) of the animals were normal and healthy, the experiment was initiated. Additionally, H and E staining was performed on the ovaries of the rats sacrificed at the end of the experiment to validate the estrous cycle phases. A total of 32 adult female Wistar rats were divided into four groups (proestrus, estrus, metestrus, and diestrus), each consisting of eight rats. The penicillin-induced epilepsy model involved anesthetizing the rats with 1.25 mg/kg urethane intraperitoneally, followed by the injection of penicillin G (500 IU, 2.5 mu L, i.c.) into the cortex region through a skull opening. ECoG recordings were conducted using PowerLab analysis for 180 min. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using the SPSS program version 22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent samples t-test were employed for groups with normally distributed data, while the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U-test were used for groups with nonnormally distributed data. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: Histological evaluation confirmed that vaginal smears and ovarian histopathology were consistent with each other, validating the data pertaining to the groups. In the ECoG recording results, the spike-wave frequency between 6 and 10 min was higher in the metestrus group compared to the proestrus (P = 0.004), estrus (P = 0.046), and diestrus (P = 0.025) groups. No significant differences were observed among the groups in terms of spike-wave amplitude and latency. Conclusion: Our study using a penicillin-induced epilepsy model in female Wistar rats demonstrated that the spike-wave frequency was highest during the metestrus phase. This finding provides valuable insights for future studies aiming to understand and mitigate the sensitivity observed during the metestrus phase, which is characterized by rapid progesterone withdrawal.
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    Protective effects of long-term probiotic mixture supplementation against pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures, inflammation and oxidative stress in rats
    (Elsevier Science Inc, 2021) Kilinc, Erkan; Ankarali, Seyit; Ayhan, Didem; Ankarali, Handan; Torun, Ibrahim Ethem; Cetinkaya, Ayhan
    Emerging evidence indicates that dysbiosis of gut microbiota plays an important role in epilepsy, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear due to the complex nature of both microbial composition and pathophysiology of epilepsy. We investigated effects of long-term probiotics supplementation on epileptic seizures, and inflammatory and oxidant/antioxidant biomarkers in a pentylenetetrazole(PTZ)-induced seizure model in rats. Male Wistar weaner-rats were divided into four groups. The first two groups received 1 ml/day saline solution, while the other groups received 0.05 mg/1ml/day vehicle or 109cfu/1ml/day probiotic-mixture, respectively, for 60 days by gavage. Seizure was induced by a single convulsive dose of PTZ. Seizures were evaluated using Racine's scale. Concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines in plasma and brain tissue were determined using ELISA, while oxidant/antioxidant biomarkers were measured using an automated-colorimetric method. Probiotics supplementation exhibited anticonvulsant effects against PTZ-induced seizures by retarding onset-times of both myoclonic-jerk and generalized tonic-clonic seizure, and by shortening duration of generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Additionally, it alleviated PTZ-induced increases in levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1 beta, IL-6, and IL-17A, but not of IFN gamma, in plasma and brain tissue. Moreover, it restored PTZinduced fluctuations in levels of oxidants TOS and disulfide, and of antioxidants native thiol and total thiol. Our findings suggest that long-term probiotics supplementation exhibits protective effects against epileptic seizures, and alleviates (neuro)inflammation and oxidative stress related to pathophysiology of epilepsy. A probiotic-rich diet provided from childhood may provide prophylaxis against epileptic seizures, especially in susceptible individuals, as the neonate diet represents a fundamental extrinsic factor in establishing gut microbiota. (C) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.