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    Depression in pregnancy is associated with decreased glutathione peroxidase activity in fetal cord blood
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2016) Camkurt, Mehmet Akif; Findikli, Ebru; Bakacak, Murat; Karaaslan, Mehmet Fatih; Tolun, Fatma Inanc; Tuman, Taha Can
    The investigation of fetal cord blood (FCB) during child delivery has created a novel topic in the field of psychiatric research. The umbilical vein receives nutrients and oxygen from the mother's circulation and transports them to the fetal circulation. Investigating fetal cord blood during delivery is beneficial for understanding the fetal environment. Depression in pregnancy is associated with medical and emotional burdens. In this study, we aimed to investigate glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the FCB of depressed mothers and healthy controls. Our study included 45 depressed mothers and 59 healthy controls. The FCB samples were collected from the umbilical vein during delivery. We found that Gpx levels were significantly decreased in the FCB of depressed mothers than healthy controls, medians were 0.14 U/ml and 0.16 respectively, Z: -3.567 and p < 0.001. MPO levels were similar in both groups, medians were 1.0 U/L and 1.2 U/L respectively, Z: -1.837 and p:0.066. Depression in pregnancy may be associated with decreased antioxidant levels, and this condition may cause an oxidative load, which may lead to improper brain development. Future studies should be performed in larger samples to clarify our preliminary results. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Evaluation of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity and their diagnostic value in drug naive, first episode, non-smoker major depression patients and healthy controls
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2016) Camkurt, Mehmet Akif; Fındıklı, Ebru; İzci, Filiz; Kurutaş, Ergül Belge; Tuman, Taha Can
    Major depression is a most frequent disorder, its diagnosis depends on pkient interview, and yet we do not have a reliable biomarker for depression. Oxidative stress is defined as increase in oxidation or decrease is antioxidant defense mechanisms. Here, we aimed to investigate malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity and their diagnostic performance in depressed patients and healthy controls. We collected blood samples from 50 patients and 50 controls. We found MDA levels were significantly higher in the patients than controls, with medians at 4.04nmol/mg and 1.64nmol/mg, respectively, p < 0.001. SOD activity was significantly decreased in depressed patients than healthy controls, with means at 143.50U/mg and 298.12U/mg, respectively, p < 0.001. CAT activity was similar in both groups, p=0.517. ROC analysis showed good diagnostic value for MDA and SOD, with the area under the curve at 1.0 for both. We found high correlation between SOD and Ham-D scores (r=0.747, p < 0.0001) and between MDA and Ham-D scores (r=0.785, p < 0.0001). Overall, these results demonstrate that oxidative stress is increased in depressed patients. MDA increase seem to be a common finding for major depression. We believe MDA could be a good biomarker candidate for major depression, but not SOD. Future studies should focus on the diagnostic value of MDA in larger samples. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Investigation of NO Levels in Depressed and Healthy Mothers, A Fetal Cord Study During the Delivery
    (Yerkure Tanitim & Yayincilik Hizmetleri A S, 2016) Camkurt, Mehmet Akif; Findikli, Ebru; Karaaslan, Mehmet Fatih; Tolun, Fatma; Bakacak, Murat; Gunes, Serkan; Dagli, Hasan
    Depression in pregnancy imposes an emotional burden to mothers' life; on the other hand, an association exists between negative fetal and birth outcomes and pregnancy depression. The umbilical cord is vital for the fetus, which has critical roles in transportation of nutrients and oxygen between fetal and maternal circulation. NO is an important molecule involved in many physiological functions like vasodilatation, smooth muscle relaxation, immune-modulation, neurotransmission, and platelet aggregation inhibition. In this study, we aimed to investigate NO levels in fetal cord blood (FCB) of depressed mothers and healthy controls. An obstetrician collected blood samples during the caesarean section. Study participants were 40 depressed mothers and 44 healthy controls. We did not find any difference between groups regarding NO levels. However, birth weight of babies was significantly lower in depression group. Placenta could have a regulatory role in NO levels during pregnancy.
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    Paroxetine as an option for persistent genital arousal disorder
    (Cumhuriyet Univ Tip Fak Psikiyatri Anabilim Dali, 2016) Camkurt, Mehmet Akif; Fındıklı, Ebru; Tuman, Taha Can
    To the Editors, Persistent genital arousal disorder (PGAD) is a relatively new diagnosis in psychiatry. This disorder is frequently reported in females. Goldmeier et al. defined six criteria for PGAD: 1. Sexual arousal persists for an extended period, 2. Physiological arousals don’t resolve with ordinary orgasm, 3. Arousals are unrelated to sexual desire, 4. Arousals are triggered by nonsexual stimuli, 5. Unwanted experience of symptoms, and 6. Symptoms cause distress.1 According to previous literature, anxiety and sexual stimuli could be related to each other, so PGAD could be comorbid with anxiety disorders like obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD).2 Here we demonstrate a case of PGAD comorbid with OCD, where the patient benefited from paroxetine in terms of both disorders.