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    Comparison of cephalometric measurements of living subjects and ancient skulls in Anatolia
    (2020) Akbulut, Sibel; Karadeniz, Secil Nigar; Cakmak, Emine Sebnem Kursun; Bayrak, Seval; Şahin, Serkan; Orhan, Kaan
    Abstract Aim: This study aims to provide insights into the evolutionary adaptation of human, via comparing the craniofacial characteristics of living subjects and ancient skulls from Anatolia. Material and Methods: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) generated 2D cephalometric projections of 32 ancient skulls and well matched lateral cephalometric images of 32 patients were evaluated. Sixteen widely used cephalometric measurements were performed. Intra-class correlation coefficients were used to examine intra-observer reliability. Mann–Whitney tests and chi-square tests were used to compare cephalometric measurements of the groups. Results: : The linear measurements of living subjects were smaller than the linear measurements of ancient skulls (p<0.05). Significant differences were found between the groups in the cranial base lengths, maxillary and mandibular dimensions (p<0.05). The maxilla and mandible were found more prognathic in ancient men and women (p<0.001). Conclusion: Environmental factors and genetic changes lead to a reduction in the sagittal and vertical dimensions of the human craniofacial complex. Dental practitioners should consider these evolutionary changes during the treatment planning process.
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    Prevalence and characteristics of soft tissue calcifications in cbct images of mandibular region
    (2020) Cakmak, Emine Sebnem Kursun; Bayrak, Seval; Atakan, Cemal
    Objectives: The goal of the study is to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of soft tissue calcifications (STCs) detected in the mandibular region in CBCT images. Methods: 242 (150 female, 92 male) mandibula CBCT images were evaluated in this study. Prevalence, anatomical location, pattern (bilateral or unilateral), size (mm), number (single or multiple), age (<35, 35-50, >50) and gender tendency were recorded. Images were evaluated in the axial, coronal and 3D reformated images. The Chi-square test was used to test for differences of the STC groups and the percentage values. Results: 88 patients (36.4%) had at least one STC in the mandibular region. The mean age of the patients with STC was 58.3±11.06 years. No gender predilection was stated in terms of the presence of STC. STC was higher in patients over 50 years than the other age groups (p=0.00). Most of the STCs were unilateral, above 3mm in size, single and located in the lingual aspect of the mandible. Conclusion: It is of vital importance for clinicians to know characteristics of STCs and to detect STCs in early stages especially those concerning systemic conditions and to prevent life-threatening consequences.