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    Genetic diversity of Steinernema feltiae Filipjev, 1934 (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) in potato production areas of Türkiye 1
    (Entomological Soc Turkey, Ege Univ, 2024) Yuksel, Ebubekir; Askar, Arife Gumus; Susurluk, Ismail Alper; Bozbuga, Refik; Dincer, Dilek; Imren, Mustafa
    Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are one of the most important biological control agents and have proved their biocontrol success against a variety of insect pests. However, limited knowledge exists regarding the genetic structure of various species and populations of EPNs. Thus, this study was conducted to isolate and elucidate the EPN's phylogenetic diversity sourced from potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) (Solanales: Solanaceae) crops in 2020 at Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University. Through ribosomal DNA sequencing, we investigated genetic variability within and among isolates of Steinernema and Heterorhabditis species. Widespread sampling across Afyonkarahisar, Bolu, & Idot;zmir, Sivas, Ni & gbreve;de, Kayseri, and Konya provinces, covering a total area of 795 hectares, led to the recovery of two EPN isolates, constituting 10% of the samples. Molecular characterization involved ribosomal DNA sequencing, which, upon integration with sequences from 41 populations, confirmed the identification of Steinernema feltiae Filipjev, 1934 (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) , displaying monophyly in most Steinernema and Heterorhabditis clades, respectively. This survey emphasizes the common occurrence of these EPNs in key potatogrowing areas in T & uuml;rkiye, highlighting their biocontrol potential against arthropod pests of agricultural importance.
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    Heterodera schachtii (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) Associated with Cabbage-Cultivation Systems in Anatolia Region of Türkiye
    (Mdpi, 2024) Akyol, Gulsum Badel; Yuksel, Ebubekir; Elci, Eminur; Bozbuga, Refik; Dababat, Abdelfattah; Imren, Mustafa; Toktay, Halil
    Heterodera schachtii (Schmidt, 1871) (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) is one of the most widespread plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) associated with cabbages, which cause severe yield losses in cruciferous vegetables. This study aimed to improve the current understanding of the prevalence and detection of H. schachtii in the cabbage-growing areas of Ni & gbreve;de Province, T & uuml;rkiye. Field surveys were conducted between November and December 2021, and 100 soil samples were collected immediately after cabbage harvesting. Heterodera schachtii populations were identified by morphological and morphometric methods along with Internal Transcribed Spacer of the ribosomal region (ITS-rDNA) and Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit (COI-mtDNA) sequencing. The mean body length of H. schachtii was 463 +/- 7 mu m, while stylet and hyaline length ranged between 20.7-27.8 mu m and 20.1-32.1 mu m, respectively. Nearly half of the surveyed areas were infested with H. schachtii with a 41% incidence rate. However, the Merkez District had the highest proportion of infested fields with an over 51% incidence rate. The population density was determined in 41 samples with a mean of 79.5 cysts per 250 g of soil. These results will help to determine the control and management strategies of H. schachtii.
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    Pathogenesis-related gene (PvPR1 and PvPR2) expression involved in Meloidogyne incognita parasitism and resistance reactions of common bean genotypes in host–nematode interactions
    (Canadian Science Publishing, 2022) Bozbuga, Refik; Çiftçi, Vahdettin; Yeken, Mehmet Zahit; Imren, Mustafa
    Pathogenesis-related (PR) genes are useful molecular markers, and gene expressions are activated in the reaction of plantparasitic nematodes. Determining the PR gene expression and the resistance reaction of Phaseolus vulgaris L. genotypes against root-knot nematode are valuable for understanding plant–nematode interactions. However, resistance reactions of P. vulgaris genotypes and the gene expression of host–nematode interactions are not fully understood. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the expression of PR genes during the infection of Meloidogyne incognita on resistant and susceptible bean varieties at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days postinfection (dpi). The results revealed that one genotype gave a reaction as “immune”, and numerous genotypes were susceptible. The expression of PvPR1 and PvPR2 genes reached the highest peak at 1 dpi in nematode-infected immune plants, and the expression of PvPR1 reached 5 dpi in susceptible plants. In conclusion, PR genes involved in nematode resistance and parasitism and the immune common bean genotype have great potential in breeding programs and understanding the exact location of resistance on the gene map would be advantageous as future work. © 2022 The Author(s).