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    Clinical Characteristics of the Late Resolving Pneumonia Cases
    (Aves, 2005) Erbas, Mete; Annakkaya, Ali Nihat; Arbak, Peri; Balbay, Oner; Bilgin, Cahit; Bulut, Ismet
    It has been well known that advanced age, cigarette smoking, presence of comorbid illnesses, multilobar radiographic involment, ongoing leukopenia, corticosteroid therapy are associated with late resolving pneumonia. We aimed to evaluate the effects of certain factors that were relatively less investigated such as gender, smoking, localization and pattern of radiographic involvement, the time of initiation of antibiotic therapy and antibiotic type on resolution of pneumonia. We retrospectively assessed the records and radiographs of 98 patients diagnosed as pneumonia. Mean age was 54 +/- 15 years, 52% of patients were female whereas 48% of them male. Delaying in resolution was detected in 17.3% of cases with pneumonia. Delaying in resolution of pneumonia was significantly higher in females (13/51) when compared to males (4/47). Delayed radiographic resolution was significantly more often observed in interstitial radiographic involvement than segmental and lobar involvement respectively. Mean initiation time of antibiotic therapy in patients with late resolving pneumonia was 14 +/- 6 days whereas 10 +/- 6 days with pneumonia that resolved in expected time (p<0.05). Most of the patients with normally resolving pneumonia were using single antibiotic (75/81) where all the patients in late resolving group were recieving single antibiotic. In conclusion, we decided some factors including gender initiation time of antibiotic treatment, radiografic involvement patterns have significant effects on resolutin of pneumonia.
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    The Role of Gi and Gs Proteins in Hypoxic Vasoconstriction of Lamb Isolated Pulmonary Artery Rings
    (Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2014) Erbas, Mete; Balbay, Oner; Uzun, Ozge; Gulec Balbay, Ege; Silan, Coskun
    Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) is an intrapulmonary adaptive mechanism that matches alveolar ventilation to perfusion. However during prolonged alveolar hypoxia HPV occurs with many pulmonary diseases. Despite intensive studies, cellular mechanisms of HPV are still not well defined. G proteins are a family of membrane-associated proteins believed to be involved in the transduction of various signals including the regulation of vascular tonus. In this study, we aimed to determine the contribution of G(i) and G(s) proteins in hypoxic vasoconstriction of lamb isolated pulmonary artery rings. Pulmonary arteries were isolated from left lower lobe of freshly slaughtered lamb. Arteries suspended in an organ bath filled with Krebs-Henseleit solution and isometric contraction recorded continuously via an isometric transducer connected to a computerised polygraphy system. The solution aerated with 75% N-2 - 20% O-2 - 5% CO2 (normoxic) and 95% N-2 - 5% CO2 (hypoxic) pO(2) of bathing medium was measured continuosly using an oxygen electrode. Pertussis toxin and cholera toxin were used to investigate the role of G(i) and G(s) proteins. In the present study, we observed that hypoxia had no effect on resting force in large artery rings, but it caused a further contraction (1.7 +/- 0.5 mN/mm(2), n=10) in 3 mu M 5-HT precontracted pulmonary arteries rings. Hypoxic vasoconstriction was inhibited by preincubation with 2 mu g/ml cholera toxins (from 2.6 +/- 0.4 mN/mm(2), to 1.0 +/- 0.4 mN/mm(2), n=6) and potentiated by preincubation with pertussis toxins (2 mu g/ml) (from 0.6 +/- 0.4 mN/mm(2), to 1.7 +/- 0.3 mN/mm(2), n=6). These results indicate that signal transduction mediated by G(i) and G(s) proteins may be an important mechanism in the hypoxic vasoconstriction in lamb isolated large pulmonary arteries.