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Öğe Do vermicompost applications ımprove growth performance, pharmaceutically ımportant alkaloids, phenolic content, free radical scavenging potency and defense enzyme activities in summer snowflake (Leucojum aestivum L.)?(Wiley-VCH Verlag GMBH, 2023) Çimen, Ayça; Baba, Yavuz; Yıldırım, Arzu Birinci; Türker, Arzu UçarLeucojum aestivum L. contains galanthamine and lycorine, which are two pharmaceutically valuable alkaloids. Vermicompost (VC), an organic waste product created by earthworms enhances soil quality and can improve the medicinal quality of the plant that is crucial to the pharmaceutical industry. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of four different VC concentrations (5 %, 10 %, 25 %, and 50 %) on L. aestivum growth parameters, alkaloid levels (galanthamine and lycorine), total phenol-flavonoid content, free radical scavenging potential, and defense enzyme activities (SOD and CAT) compared to control (no VC). The width, length, and fresh weight of the leaves were improved by 10 % VC treatment. The highest total phenolic content was found in the bulbs and leaves treated with 50 % VC. HPLC-DAD analysis of alkaloids showed that 10 % and 50 % VC treatments contained the most galanthamine in the bulb and leaf extracts, respectively. The application of 25 % VC was the most efficient in terms of lycorine content in both extracts. CAT activity was elevated at 10 %, 25 %, and 50 % VC. Based on the growth performance and galanthamine content of the bulbs and leaves, it can be concluded that a 10 % VC application was the most effective in the cultivation of L. aestivum.Öğe Effects of water stress on growth parameters, alkaloid content (galanthamine and lycorine), and antioxidant activities in summer snowflake (Leucojum aestivum L.)(Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi, 2023) Baba, Yavuz; Türker, Arzu; Yıldırım, ArzuLeucojum aestivum L. Amaryllidaceae familyasına ait, farmasötik açıdan önemli iki alkaloid (galantamin ve likorin) içeren çok yıllık soğanlı bir bitkidir. Bir asetilkolinesteraz inhibitörü (AChEI) olan galantamin, Alzheimer hastalığı için önemli bir tedavidir. Likorin ise güçlü antiretroviral, antimalaryal, antimitotik ve sitotoksik özelliklere sahiptir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, L. aestivum' da çeşitli su stresi (SS) uygulamalarının büyüme parametreleri, galantamin ve likorin içerikleri, enzimatik olmayan antioksidan aktiviteleri (toplam fenol-flavonoid içeriği ve serbest radikal süpürme aktivitesi) ve enzimatik antioksidan aktiviteleri [süperoksit dismutaz (SOD) ve katalaz (CAT)] üzerindeki etkilerini belirlemektir. Bitkiler farklı SS koşulları altında 7 hafta boyunca yetiştirilmiştir. Bir kontrol grubu, su basma stresi (SBS) ve iki farklı kuraklık stresi (KS) uygulaması kullanılmıştır: sulama rejimi (SR) ayarı (%25, 50 ve 75) ve PEG 6000 (%15, 30 ve 45). Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, %50 SR yumruda en yüksek galantamin ve likorin seviyelerini ve yapraklarda en yüksek galanthamine seviyelerini üretmiştir. Genel olarak, galantamin ve likorin seviyeleri PEG uygulamaları ile artmıştır. Öte yandan, yaprak ve yumrulardaki galantamin seviyeleri SBS uygulaması ile azalmıştır. En iyi DPPH aktivitesi yumruların %50 SR' sinde gözlemlenmiştir. %50 SR ile muamele hem yaprakların hem de yumruların toplam fenolik ve flavonoid içeriğini artırmıştır. SR uygulamaları yumru SOD aktivitesini azaltmıştır. Tüm yumru örneklerinde CAT aktivitesinde bir artış tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, %50 SR uygulaması farmasötik değer açısından en etkili uygulama olarak kabul edilmiştir.Öğe Evaluation of the Phenolic Content and the Nutraceutical Potential of Ancestor and Cultivated Artichokes(Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh, 2024) Ucar Turker, Arzu; Basay, Sevinc; Cimen, Ayca; Baba, Yavuz; Birinci Yildirim, ArzuWild cardoon (Cynara cardunculus var. sylvestris) is the ancestor of many cultivated forms, including globe artichoke (C. cardunculus var. scolymus). Four organs (receptacles, bracts, leaves and stems) of wild and cultivated artichokes (organic and conventional) were assessed considering their individual phenolic constituents (HPLC-DAD), total phenol-flavonoid content, and pharmaceutical potentials (antibacterial and antioxidant). All three sources of artichokes had the highest concentration of 1,3-dicaffeoylquinic acid (cynarin) in their receptacles and cultivated artichoke receptacles had more cynarin than wild one. On the other hand, receptacles of wild cardoon had the highest 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid and caffeic acid than the cultivated ones. Generally, receptacles, stems and leaves of wild cardoon were superior to both cultivated artichokes on antioxidant potential, and total phenol-flavonoid content. The rise in total phenolic content can be attributed to an increase in antioxidant capacity in all artichoke organs. Only the leaves of all different artichokes showed antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. The investigated wild cardoon was believed to be a true ancestor since a comparison of wild and cultivated varieties revealed similar trends in terms of phenolic profile and biological properties. The nutraceutical industry can profit from this invasive wild cardoon due to their strong antioxidant potential and phenolic content. imageÖğe How does water stress affect the bioaccumulation of galanthamine and lycorine, growth performance, phenolic content and defense enzyme activities in summer snowflake (Leucojum aestivum L.)?(Springer, 2024) Baba, Yavuz; Cimen, Ayca; Yildirim, Arzu Birinci; Turker, Arzu UcarLeucojum aestivum L. is an Amaryllidaceae bulbous plant with two alkaloids that have remarkable medicinal potential: galanthamine and lycorine. Although the presence of galanthamine in L. aestivum has commercial value for the pharmaceutical industry and the effect of water stress (WS) applications on secondary metabolite enhancement is well established in a variety of plants, no studies have been carried out to reveal the effectiveness of WS on this beneficial medicinal plant. Objective of the study was to investigate the effects of eight different WS treatments [Control, waterlogging (WL) condition, and drought stress conditions (water deficiency generated by water deficit irrigation-WDI 25%, 50%, and 75%- and polyethylene glycol-PEG 6000 15%, 30%, and 45%-)] on growth parameters, alkaloid levels (galanthamine and lycorine), non-enzymatic antioxidant activities (total phenol-flavonoid content and free radical scavenging activity), and enzymatic antioxidant activities [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)] of L. aestivum in a pot experiment. Based on the findings, maximum increases in growth parameters were obtained with PEG-induced WS treatments. Moderate water deficiency (50% WDI) produced the highest levels of galanthamine and lycorine, total phenol-flavonoid content, and antioxidant capacity, along with moderately elevated CAT activity in the bulbs. All WS treatments resulted in increased CAT activity in the bulbs. It was observed that bulbs had higher SOD and CAT activities under WL conditions had lower fresh weights and were close to control in terms of alkaloid levels, total phenol-flavonoid content, and free radical scavenging activity. When all of the outcomes were taken into account, it can be concluded that moderate water-deficit stress (50% WDI) was regarded as the most effective treatment for increasing the pharmaceutical value of L. aestivum.Öğe NATURAL- AND IN VITRO-GROWN FILIPENDULA ULMARIA(L.) MAXIM: EVALUATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL POTENTIAL (ANTIBACTERIAL, ANTIOXIDANT AND TOXICITY) AND PHENOLIC PROFILES(Medical Univ Warsaw, 2024) Yildirim, Arzu Birinci; Cimen, Ayca; Baba, Yavuz; Turker, Arzu UcarMeadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim) is Rosaceae family perennial herb. Traditional uses of F. ulmaria include inflammatory problems like rheumatism, arthrosis, and arthritis), gastrointestinal disorders, liver malfunction, and gout. The pharmaceutical industry has been very interested in this plant because of its health benefits. The presence of phenolic secondary metabolites is thought to be the primary cause of meadowsweet's biological activity and therapeutic efficacy. This study was intended to compare and evaluate the biological activities (antibacterial, antioxidant, antitumor and toxicity) and phenolic profiles (total phenol-flavonoid content and individual phenolic constituents) of F. ulmaria aerial parts obtained from two different sources (naturally- and in vitro-grown). Antibacterial activity was evaluated using 17 different bacteria (10 human and 7 fish pathogens) with disc diffusion method. Methanolic extracts of in vitro-grown parts showed higher antibacterial effect than naturally-grown parts with all tested bacterial pathogens (human and fish). On the other hand, other extracts (aqueous, ethanol, hexane, and ethyl acetate) demonstrated higher antibacterial potential with field-grown parts. The highest sensitivity was observed with Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. aureus and Enterobacter cloacae to aqueous extract of field-grown plants. The potent antibacterial activity of F. ulmaria extracts rendered the Agrobacterium tumefaciens-induced potato disc tumor assay inapplicable. Toxicity assay (brine shrimp) showed that aqueous extract of both sources had the lowest toxicity. Methanolic extract of both parts had a strong antioxidant potential (DPPH radical scavenging activty) having IC50 values as 205.65 mu g/mL and 206.74 mu g/mL, respectively, and similar level of overall total phenol-flavonoid contents. Individual phenolic analysis with HPLC-DAD showed that the most prevalent phenol was rutin in both sources. While the quantities of chlorogenic acid in both aerial parts were similar, the parts that were grown naturally had higher levels of salicylic acid and rutin. These findings demonstrated the effective antibacterial and antioxidant properties, high phenolic content, and low toxicity of both F. ulmaria sources, indicating that they can be utilized in nutraceutical industry due to their high health promoting potential.Öğe Organic and conventional solanaceous vegetables: Comparison of phenolic constituents, antioxidant and antibacterial potentials(AKADEMIAI KIADO ZRT, 2021) Basay, Sevinç; Türker, Arzu; Çimen, Ayça; Baba, Yavuz; Yıldırım, ArzuInterest in organic growing systems that means no harm to the environment, mankind, and the world's natural ecosystem is increasing. This study evaluated the impact of organic versus conventional cultivation method on eggplants (Topan-374 and Pala-49), tomatoes (Rio Grande and Pink), and bell pepper (Kandil dolma) considering individual phenols, total phenol-flavonoid content, antioxidant capacity, and antibacterial potential. Peel and pulp of eggplants were evaluated separately. Organic cultivation enhanced trans-ferulic acid in the peels of both eggplant cultivars and the pulp of Pala-49. Organic Pala-49 had also higher amounts of cyanidin and caffeic acid in the peel, and only caffeic acid in the pulp. Chlorogenic acid was found in higher quantities in organic Rio Grande tomato and bell pepper. All organically grown vegetables in our study had significantly higher total phenol and flavonoid contents than conventional ones except Pink tomato. Organic farming significantly enhanced the antioxidant capacity of both eggplant cultivars. Only organic peel of Pala-49 eggplant cultivar had antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis. Organic cultivation has an advantage in terms of antioxidant potential and phenolic constituents, and it enhanced the nutraceutical potential of both cultivars of eggplant, Rio Grande tomato, and bell pepper.Öğe Phenolic characterization, antimutagenic, antioxidant and antibacterial capacities of seven endemic Dianthus species from Turkey(Elsevier, 2024) Celik, Ayse Kaya; Usta, Necibe Canan; Baba, Yavuz; Cimen, Ayca; Turker, Arzu UcarDianthus genus, belonging to the family Caryophyllaceae, encompasses over 300 species. Various Dianthus spp. have long been utilized in traditional medicine for the treatment of a wide range of conditions including chronic pain, urinary infections, carbuncles, menostasis, gonorrhea, cough, liver diseases, and certain types of cancer. The objective of this study was to determine the biological activities (antimutagenicity, antibacterial and antioxidant), total phenol-flavonoid content and individual phenolic constituents of methanolic extracts of two different parts [FC (flower+capitulum) and LS (leaf+stem)] of seven different endemic Dian-thus spp. (D. ancyrensis, D. aticii, D. balansae, D. carmelitarum, D. kastembeluensis, D. lydus and D. leucophaeus) found in Bolu, Turkey. In the antimutagenicity tests, D. carmelitarum, D. ancyrensis. D. kastembeluensis and D. lydus demonstrated higher inhibition effect against the mutagenic activity of sodium azide (NaN3) and 4-nitro-o-phenylene diamine (NPD) on Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 and TA 98 strains, respectively. D. carmelitarum-LS displayed the highest antimutagenic effect against the mutagen (base-substitution) on the TA 100 strain, while D. carmelitarum-FC exhibited the highest inhibition against mutagenic activity (frame-shift mutagenesis) by 4-nitro-o-phenylene diamine (NPD) on S. typhimurium TA98 strain. Among the tested 17 bacteria, only 4 bacteria (Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Klebsiella pneumonia) demonstrated sensitivity to five different Dianthus spp. D. leucophaeus exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against S. epidermidis. Furthermore, S. pyogenes was quite susceptible to D. kastembeluensis, D. aticii and D. lydus. The most powerful radical scavenging activity was observed with D. balansae-LS. Consistent with this result, D. balansae-LS showed the highest total phenolic content. D. aticii-LS had the highest content of total flavonoid. U-HPLC analysis revealed that rutin, phloridzin, ferulic acid and chlorogenic acid were the most dominant compounds in endemic Dianthus spp. These findings highlight the potential of these plants as valuable natural sources for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.(c) 2023 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
