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Öğe Ağır metallerin Red Chief ve Granny Smith elma çeşitlerinde polen çimlenmesi ve polen tüpü büyümesi üzerine etkileri(2019) Muradoğlu, Ferhad; Sulum, Zafer; Başak, İbrahim; Akkuş, GökhanBitkilerde, tozlaşma ve döllenme, çevresel faktörlerden etkilenen önemli bir olaydır. Polen çimlenmesi ve polen tüpü büyümesi boyunca bitkilerin hassasiyeti artmakta ve çevresel kirliliğe karşı bitkilerin generatif organları vejetatif kısımlarından daha duyarlıdır. Bu nedenle de metal toksisitesi ve gübreleme gibi uygun olmayan koşullardaki tozlaşma ve dolayısıyla meyve tutumu olumsuz etkilenmektedir. Bu çalışmada, farklı ağır metal dozlarının (Cd, Co, Pb, Hg ve Zn) Red Chief ve Granny Smith elma çeşitlerindeki polen çimlenmesi ve tüp büyümesi üzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Çeşitlerin polen canlılığı oranları TTC (2-3-5-trifeniltetrazoliumklorid) canlılık testi ile belirlenmiş ve ortalama canlılık oranları Red Chief çeşidinde % 84.4 Granny Smith çeşidinde ise %75.4 olarak belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte, çeşitler hem ağır metaller hem de doz uygulamasından önemli ölçüde etkilenmiştir. Çeşitlerin polen çimlenmesi ve tüp uzunluğu metal dozunun artışına bağlı olarak düşüş göstermiştir. Elma çeşitlerinde polen çimlenmesi ve tüp uzunluğu üzerine en yüksek engelleyici etkiyi civa (Hg) düşük etkiyi ise kobalt (Co) göstermiştir.Öğe Comparison of morphometric traits of pecan cultivars(Kahramanmaraş Sütcü İmam Üniv Rektörlüğü, 2022) Muradoğlu, Ferhad; Akkuş, Sibel Binici; Akkuş, Gökhan; Başak, İbrahimPecan is a major horticultural nut tree that originated in North America and, in Turkey, it is generally cultivated in the Aegean and Mediterranean regions. In this study, morphometric traits of twentyone cultivars grown under equal ecological conditions in the Southeastern region of Turkey were determined. In addition, a multivariate analysis was performed on morphometric traits for determining suitable cultivars that show the best performance in these ecological conditions. The nut weight ranged from 3.66 g for `Cherokee' to 10.35 g for the `Shoshoni' cultivar. The `Choctaw' had the highest kernel weight and kernel ratio ranging from 5.63 g to 58.60%. While the `Cherokee' had the lowest ranging from 0.91 g to 22.84 g, respectively. A significant positive correlation between nut weight and kernel ratio was determined. The kernel weight was also highly correlated with nut weight and height. The use of clustering analysis according to Ward's method allowed the establishment of relationships between pecan cultivars by separating them into four main clusters. Also, these results were supported by principal component analysis, and `Big Z' and `Ideal' cultivars were determined to be the closest cultivars. Results showed that there are quantitative differences regarding the genetic property of pecan cultivars and more than half of the examined cultivars showed a good performance in terms of nut quality criteria that are crucial in marketing. Furthermore, the multivariate analysis was effective in the differentiation of pecan cultivars and it has been evaluated that it can be used successfully in future studies.Öğe Identification of promising genotypes of chestnut (castanea sativa mill.) based on phenotypic and pomological characteristics using multivariate analysis(Springer, 2023) Muradoğlu, Ferhad; Alparslan, Koray; Başak, İbrahimChestnut is one of the significant species of agroforestry whose phenological and nut properties are significantly affected by environmental circumstances. This research intended to compare the agro-morphological divergence of chestnut genotypes growing naturally at several locations in the Western Black Sea Region of Turkiye and to ascertain correlations between deliberate characteristics. The phenological and nut characteristics of promising chestnuts were evaluated based on the The International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) descriptor. Phenological properties presented substantial modifications related to genotypes and locations. Fruit dimensions such as nut (6.17-8.41 g) and kernel (5.03-7.19 g) weight were found foremost among locations. The outcomes revealed high moisture, low fat, and protein content, and chemical content indicated cluster depending on locations. Critical leaf (length 19.13-27.35 cm) and stomata (frequency 243.81-729.61 units/mm(2)) characteristics presented materiality among genotypes and locations. Strong positive and negative correlations were perceived among certain imperative characteristics. Cluster analysis was performed and identified effective characteristics formed into three main clusters and sub-groups that contributed to 56.24% of total variations and were compatible with hierarchical cluster analysis. Pathway analysis exhibited that nut, leaf, and stomatal characteristics can be used as major descriptors for chestnut breeding. The current outcome demonstrated that diversity and relationships between agro-morphological characteristics will deliver new potential cultivars while also being convenient for further breeding programs by breeders and supporting implementation of their selection strategies.Öğe Morphometric Properties Comparison of Some Turkish and Foreign Apricot Variety Grown at High Altitude(Centenary University, 2022) Muradoğlu, Ferhad; Kayakeser, Utku; Başak, İbrahimApricots are becoming more preferred because of their usage in the fresh, dried, and processing industries and are appreciated by consumers for their pleasant flavor, aroma, and high nutritional value. Apricot cultivation is mostly performed by native varieties in Turkey, and there is insufficient knowledge about the characteristics of foreign varieties. In this study, important Turkish and foreign varieties were evaluated according to their morphological properties using multivariate analyses. The highest fruit weight was detected as 31.90 g (Sakıt-2) in the Turkish varieties and detected 22.36 g (Precoce de Colomer) in the foreign varieties. The highest fruit height, thickness, stone height, and weight were detected in ‘Alyanak’ and ‘Sakıt-2’ the Turkish apricot varieties. The ‘Soğancı’ and ‘Sakıt-2’ were characterized by the highest stone thickness, pH, fruit height, and weight in Turkish varieties, whereas ‘Precoce de Tyrinthe’ had the highest total soluble solids in the foreign varieties. The correlation analysis demonstrated significant positive correlations between examined features in Turkish and foreign varieties. In the principal component analysis, the first five components elucidated 93.59% of the total variance. Examined traits were separated into three groups, and ‘Sakıt-2’, ‘Alyanak’, ‘Hasanbey’, and ‘Hacihaliloğlu’ at the Turkish varieties were placed in the first two groups and characterized by fruit and stone traits, while the foreign varieties formed the other group and were characterize by pH, TSS, and colorimetric traits. The study put forward useful information for the comparison of morphometric traits between Turkish and foreign varieties, and the results can be used in future apricot breeding programs. © 2022, Centenary University. All rights reserved.Öğe Morphometric traits and iPBS based molecular characterizations of walnut (Juglans regia L.) genotypes(Springer, 2022) Başak, İbrahim; Özer, Göksel; Muradoğlu, FerhadIn this study, walnut genotypes that were selected during two growing seasons among thousands of seedlings were analyzed in terms of detailed morphometric, phenological, and chemical traits. A multivariate analysis was conducted with valuable traits for breeding and selection such as morphometric traits, chemical composition, and phenological characteristics. Also, genotypes were characterized by a retrotransposon-based iPBS marker system. The correlation analysis showed significant positive and negative correlations between agro-morphological characters. The principal component analysis explained 71.44% of the total variance into five main components. Principal component and hierarchical cluster analysis divided genotypes into three groups and identified subgroups based on both agro-morphological characters and iPBS marker systems. A high level of polymorphism ratio was observed for tested markers. Mantel's test demonstrated relatively low correlations between molecular and morphological treats (r = 0.04). The genetic similarities among all individuals ranged from 0.39 (between 018 and 015 or 045 genotypes) to 0.98 (between 090 and 094 genotypes) with a mean similarity of 0.67. Remarkable phenotypic and molecular variations were observed among the genotypes. The features of some investigated genotypes were above the acceptable thresholds for walnut selection in breeding programs, and our study indicated that iPBS markers can be beneficial in walnut breeding programs, allowing the evaluation of the genetic relationship between genotypes, helping to differentiate and select the best genotypes to improve agronomic properties.
