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Öğe Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Araştırma Hastanesine başvuran hastalarda 6 yıllık toxoplasma gondii seropozitifliğinin araştırılması(2018) Türkoğlu, Şule Aydın; Karabörk, Şeyda; Çakmak, Mücahit; Orallar, Hayriye; Yaman, Kerem; Ayaz, ErolAmaç: Toxoplasma gondii, beyin, kalp, göz tutulumuna neden olabilen hücre içi parazit enfeksiyon etkenidir. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesine Ocak 2010-Aralık 2016 yılları arasında Toxoplasmosis şüphesi ile başvuran Hastalarda T.gondii IgG ve IgM antikorlarının prevalansının saptanması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesine başvuran kişilere ait 14262 serum örneğinde ELİSA yöntemi ile belirlenen anti-T.gondii IgM ve IgG antikorları ve IgG avidite testi retrospektif olarak araştırılmıştır. Bulgular: 13607’ü kadın (%95,4), 560’ü erkek (%3,9), 95’i ise bebek (%0,7) toplam 14262 bireyden T.gondii antikorlarının belirlemesi için istem yapılmıştır. IgG bakılan 4079 olguda %78’i negatif, %21’i pozitif, %0,8 grayzone belirlenmiştir. IgM bakılan 13671 olgunun %98’i negatif, %1,2’si pozitif, %0,5 grayzone belirlenmiştir. Avidite testine göre 135 olgunun IgG avidite test sonuçlarında 45 (%33) olgu düşük, 20 (%15) olgu sınır değer, 70 (%52) hastada yüksek avidite belirlenmiştir. IgG seropozitifliği erkek ve kadınlarda IgM pozitifliğine göre yüksek bulunmuştur. İstem yapılan olguların çoğunluğunun gebelik takibi nedeniyle Kadın Doğum kliniğinden (n=12588) (%88,3) istendiği, Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları (n=540) (%3,8) ve Nöroloji (n=478) (%3,4) kliniklerinden T.gondii antikorlarının tespiti için istem yapıldığı görülmüştür. Sonuç: T.gondii seropozitifliğinin ilimizde ihmal edilemeyecek ölçüde yaygın olduğu görülmüştür. Riskli grup içerisindeki olguların bu parazit açısından değerlendirilmeye alınması ve farkındalığın oluşturulması gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Son yıllarda özellikle Nöroloji kliniğinde bu farkındalığın oluştuğu görülmüştür.Öğe Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Laboratuarına başvuran hastalarda bağırsak parazitlerinin dağılımı(2014) Taş, Tekin; Ayaz, Erol; Koçoğlu, Mücahide Esra; Bucak, Özlem; Karabörk, ŞeydaAmaç: Eğitim düzeyi, sosyo -ekonomik durum ve çevresel faktörler, parasitik infeksiyonların dağılımını etkilemektedir. Bu yüzden henüz gelişmekte olan ülkemizde bağırsak parazitleri hala halk sağlığı sorunu olarak önemini korumaktadır. İlimizin parazitolojik çalışma verilerine katkı sağlamayı amaçladığımız bu ilk çalışmada, Ocak 2009 - Nisan 2011 tarihleri arasında Üniversitemiz Tıp Fakültesi Araştırma ve Uygulama Hastanesi Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji La boratuarına çeşitli gastrointestinal yakınmalarla başvuran 1451( % 55.92)’ i kadın ve 1144 (% 44.08)’ü erkek olmak üzere toplam 2595 olguya ait verilerin retrospektif değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Yöntem : Tüm olgularda dışkı örnekleri nativ -lugol ve şüpheli vakalar E.histolytica Adezin antijen testi yönteml eri ile incelenmiştir. Bulgular: İnceleme yapılan olguların 242 ( % 9.33)’sinin bağırsak parazitleri ile enfekte olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Enfeksiyonun cinsiyete göre dağılımı yapıldığında kadın l arın 107 (% 4.12)’sinin, erkeklerin ise 135 (% 5.20)’inin parazitli olduğu gözlenmiştir. Bu oranlarının bağırsak parazitlerine göre dağılımı sırasıyla şöyledir: Entamoeba coli 27 ( % 1.04), Giardia intestinalis 11(% 0.42), Entamo eba histolytica/dispar 201 (% 7.75) kişide tespit edilmiştir. Birer vakada ise Fasciola sp ve Ascaris lumbricoides yumurtası gözlenmiştir. Selofan bant yöntemi az sayıda olguda uygulanabilmesi nedeniyle Enterobius vermicularis sadece bir kişide tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç : İlimizde bağırsak parazitlerinin protozoon ağırlıklı görülmesi helmint oranının az olması dikkat çekicidir. Bu çalışma sonuçlarının Bolu’da bağırsak parazit enfeksiyo nlarının yayılışıyla ilgili ilk veri olması nedeniyle yayınlanm ası uygun görülmüştür.Öğe Acute toxoplasmosis and antioxidant levels in the liver, kidney and brain of rats(NLM (Medline), 2018) Türkoğlu, Şule Aydın; Yaman, Kerem; Orallar, Hayriye; Çamsarı, Çağrı; Karabörk, Şeyda; Ayaz, ErolToxoplasma gondii is a common protozoan parasite which causes toxoplasmosis worldwide. There are limited treatment options against T. gondii infection. Once transmitted, T. gondii can spread to many organs in the body, including the brain, liver and kidneys. One of the most common signs of toxoplasmosis is a rise in oxidative stress. Therefore, our aim was to determine the antioxidant levels in the brain, liver and kidney of rats infected with this parasite. In the present study, 2–4-months old Wistar albino rats were infected intraperitoneally with 1 x 104 mL of RH strain of T. gondii dispersed in 0.9% NaCl. Post-infection after 30 days, the experiment was terminated, the rats were sacrified, and the blood, brain, liver and kidney tissues were collected for analyses. Catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were determined by ELISA assay. Increased SOD and GSH-Px levels were found in the liver of infected rats compared to controls; however, similar changes were not observed in other tested organs. These results suggest the increased oxidative stress caused by T. gondii infection can be efficiently alleviated, at least in the liver, by increased levels of antioxidant enzymes during post-infection. Further research will be required to determine the potential mechanisms of increasing antioxidant levels in the liver at 30 days post-infection, as well as the potential differences in antioxidant enzyme levels during the acute and chronic phases of toxoplasmosis.Öğe Ascaris lumbricoides presenting as an omental mass(Carbone Editore, 2014) Özyalvaçlı, Gülzade; Küçükbayrak, Abdülkadir; Uzuner, Esengül; Ayaz, Erol; Öznur, MeltemIntroduction: Ascaris lumbricoides (AL), is an intestinal Parasite with various clinical presentations. It is common in underdeveloped rural areas both in Turkey and in the rest of the World; Ectopic localizations of AL are rare, and there only a few reported cases of mental localization. Case: We present a rare case in which an omental and a paratubal mass were detected during cesarean section in an asymptomatic pregnant patient. The histopathological examination revealed a granulomatous reaction and AL eggs inside the masses. Discussion: Infection With AL causes various intestinal complications like acute appendicitis, volvulus, invagination, intestinal perforation and gramdotnatous peritonitis. Conclusion: It should be kept in mind that granulomatous lesions presenting as mental masses may be randomly detected in asymptomatic individuals and pregnant woman infected with AL.Öğe Comparative pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of albendazole sulfoxide in sheep and goats, and dose-dependent plasma disposition in goats(Bmc, 2015) Akşit, Dilek; Yalınkılınç, Hande Sultan; Sekkin, Selim; Boyacıoğlu, Murat; Çırak, Veli Yılgör; Ayaz, ErolBackground: The aims of this study were to compare the pharmacokinetics of albendazole sulfoxide (ABZ-SO, ricobendazole) in goats and sheep at a dose of 5 mg/kg bodyweight (BW), after intravenous (IV) and subcutaneous (SC) administrations, and to investigate the effects of increased doses (10 and 15 mg/kg BW) on the plasma disposition of ABZ-SO in goats following SC administration. A total of 16 goats (Capra aegagrus hircus, eight males and eight females) and 8 sheep (Ovis aries, four males and four females) 12-16 months old and weighing 20-32 kg, were used. The study was designed according to two-phase crossover study protocol. In Phase-1, eight sheep were assigned as Group I and 16 goats were allocated into two groups (Group II and Group III). ABZ-SO was applied to Group I (sheep) and Group II (goats) animals subcutaneously, and to Group III (goats) animals intravenously, all at a dose rate of 5 mg/kg BW. In Phase-2, the sheep in the Group I received ABZ-SO intravenously in a dose of 5 mg/kg BW; the goats in Group II and Group III received ABZ-SO subcutaneously at a dose of 10 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg BW, respectively. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein at different times between 1 and 120 h after drug administrations. The plasma concentrations of ABZ-SO and its metabolites were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography. Results: In goats, the area under the curve, terminal half-life and plasma persistence of ABZ-SO were significantly smaller and shorter, respectively, compared with those observed in sheep following both IV and SC administrations at a dose of 5 mg/kg BW. On the other side, dose-dependent plasma dispositions of ABZ-SO were observed following SC administration at increased doses (10 and 15 mg/kg) in goats. Conclusions: Consequently, ABZ-SO might be used at higher doses to provide higher plasma concentration and thus to achieve greater efficacy against the target parasites.Öğe The effect of the HMGB1/RAGE/TLR4/NF-?B signalling pathway in patients with idiopathic epilepsy and its relationship with toxoplasmosis(Wiley, 2024) Soyturk, Hayriye; Onal, Cansu; Kilic, Umit; Turkoglu, Sule Aydin; Ayaz, ErolThis study aims to investigate the relationship between toxoplasmosis and this pathway, which may be effective in the formation of epilepsy by acting through the HMGB1/RAGE/TLR4/NF-kappa B signalling pathway in patients with idiopathic epilepsy. In the study, four different experimental groups were formed by selecting Toxoplasma gondii IgG positive and negative patients with idiopathic epilepsy and healthy controls. Experimental groups were as follows: Group 1: Epilepsy+/Toxo- (E+, T-) (n = 10), Group 2: Epilepsy-/Toxo- (E-, T-) (n = 10), Group 3: Epilepsy-/Toxo+ (E-, T+) (n = 10), Group 4: Epilepsy+/Toxo+ (E+, T+) (n = 10). HMGB1, RAGE, TLR4, TLR1, TLR2, TLR3, IRAK1, IRAK2, IKBKB, IKBKG, BCL3, IL1 beta, IL10, 1 L8 and TNF alpha mRNA expression levels in the HMGB/RAGE/TLR4/NF-kappa B signalling pathway were determined by quantitative simultaneous PCR (qRT-PCR) after collecting blood samples from all patients in the groups. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA followed by LSD post-hoc tests, and p < 0.05 was considered to denote statistical significance. The gene expression levels of HMGB1, TLR4, IL10, IL1B, IL8, and TLR2 were significantly higher in the G1 group than in the other groups (p < 0.05). In the G3 group, RAGE and BCL3 gene expression levels were significantly higher than in the other groups (p < 0.05). In the G4 group, however, IRAK2, IKBKB, and IKBKG gene expression levels were significantly higher than in the other groups (p < 0.05). HMGB1, TLR4, IRAK2, IKBKB, IL10, IL1B, IL1B, and IL8 in this signalling pathway are highly expressed in epilepsy patients in G1 and seizures occur with the stimulation of excitatory mechanisms by acting through this pathway. The signalling pathway in epilepsy may be activated by HMGB1, TLR4, and TLR2, which are considered to increase the level of proinflammatory cytokines. In T. gondii, this pathway is activated by RAGE and BCL3.Öğe Enterobius vermicularis : can it be a possible pathogen in Bartholin gland abscess formation?(Wiley-Blackwell, 2014) Dönmez, Melahat Emine; Özlü, Tülay; Yılmaz, Fahri; Ayaz, ErolThe most frequent disorders of the Bartholin glands are cysts or abscesses. Bartholin gland abscesses occur generally as a result of polymicrobial infections or agents that cause sexually transmitted diseases. But as far as we know, no parasite has been previously reported among the infectious agents that are detected from the abscesses of the Bartholin gland. Here, we report a 45-year-old woman, in the Bartholin abscess aspirate of whom Enterobius vermicularis eggs were detected in between the inflammatory infiltrate by cytological examination.Öğe Evaluating the efficiency of different propofol doses associated with age and gender in rats(2022) Yildiz, Isa; Yoldaş, Hamit; Çetinkaya, Ayhan; Çakmak, Mücahit; Çamsari, Çağrı; Ayaz, ErolAim: To investigate the effect of different intraperitoneal (IP) doses of propofol on the duration and depth of anesthesia according to age and gender. Method: The rats were divided into three main groups according to propofol dose (GI: 5 mg/kg, GII: 10 mg/kg and GIII: 15 mg/kg). These three groups were divided into two subgroups as male and female. (M: Male, F: Female). Male and female groups in each dose group were divided into five different sub-age groups: 1: 2-6 months (0-12 years = Childhood), 2: 7-12 months (12-18 years = Adolescent), 3: 13-18 months (30-45 years = Young adult), 4: 19-24 months (45-60 years = Adult) and 5: older than 25 months (65 years old = Elderly). The duration and depth of anesthesia in different ages and genders were compared statistically. Results: There were differences with regard to the palpebral, pinch, corneal and muscle tone reflexes at propofol administration doses of 5 mg/kg (GI), 10 mg/kg (GII) and 15 mg/kg (GIII) in different ages and genders (Table 1). We detected that 50 minutes of deep anesthesia was achieved with a dose of 10 mg/kg up to 18 months and older than 24 months male rats. A dose of 10 mg/kg was sufficient for short-term (20-minute deep anesthesia) procedures in male rats aged 19-24 months. We detected that 50 minutes of deep anesthesia was achieved with a dose of 15 mg/kg in 7-12 and 13-18 month old female rats. A dose of 10 mg/kg dose was sufficient for short-term procedures in 0-6 month old female rats. However, only superficial anesthesia was detected at the dose of 15 mg/kg in female rats older than 18 months. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that 10 or 15 mg/kg low doses of intraperitoneal propofol administration affected the duration and depth of anesthesia in different ages and genders in rats.Öğe Evaluation of the anthelmintic activity of pumpkin seeds (Cucurbita maxima) in mice naturally infected with Aspiculuris tetraptera(Academic Journals Inc., 2015) Ayaz, Erol; Gökbulut, Cengiz; Coşkun, Hamit; Türker, Arzu; Özsoy, Şeyda; Ceylan, KübraThe aim of this study was to investigate the anthelmintic effect of pumpkin seeds (Cucurbita maxima) against Aspiculuris tetraptera in naturally infected mice. For this purpose, the natural infection was determined by the cellophane tape (on the anal region), and the centrifugal flotation methods of stool samples in approximately 150 male Swiss albino mice (27 to 35 g). The infected mice (29 animals) were divided into four groups. The animals in the first (G1) and second groups (G2) received water and ethanol extracts of pumpkin seeds orally at the dose suggested for human for 7 days, respectively. The mice in the positive control group (G3) were treated with ivermectin intramuscularly at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg body weight. The mice in fourth groups (G4) received the same amount of serum physiologic orally. The mice were housed in clean polypropylene cages and maintained under standard laboratory conditions at an ambient temperature of 20±2°C with 45% relative humidity and a 12 h light dark cycle. At the eighth day of the study, all animals were killed humanly following inhalation anaesthesia. After euthanasia, the number of parasites in the intestine was counted. Data obtained from the treatment groups were compared using one-way ANOVA. The percentage efficacy of the drugs was calculated. The results of the study showed that the efficacies for water (G1) or ethanol (G2) extracts of pumpkin seed and ivermectin were 81, 85 and 91% compared with the negative control, respectively. These results revealed that pumpkin seed has high anthelmintic activity against nematodes as well as its continued use in traditional medicine for the treatment of helminthiasis. © 2015.Öğe The evidences of electrophysiological symptoms of acute toxoplasmosis in rats(Wiley, 2017) Ayaz, Erol; Orallar, Hayriye Soytürk; Türkoğlu, Şule Aydın; Çetinkaya, Ayhan; Demir, Şeyma[No Abstract Available]Öğe In vivo exposure of Albendazole sulphoxide by Haemonchus contortus and correlation between plasma and target tissue or gastrointestinal content dispositions in goats(Wiley, 2021) Gökbulut, Cengiz; Çırak, Veli Yılgör; Aypak, Süleyman; Avcı, Hamdi; Ayaz, ErolSheep and goats are sharing different helminth parasites including Haemonchus contortus. Control of these helminths is based mainly on the use of anthelmintics. However, in goats, the application of anthelmintics is often carried out mainly at dosages determined for sheep without knowing the real effects and metabolism features. One of the several anthelmintic classes used against these parasites is (pro) benzimidazoles which are still widely in use in small ruminants in many countries. The objective of this study was to determine (i) the correlation between plasma and tissue or gastrointestinal content dispositions of ricobendazole (RBZ) in goats and (ii) the in vivo exposure of ricobendazole by H. contortus. Ten goats were experimentally infected with 10,000 larvae of H. contortus. Four weeks of post-infection, the animals received RBZ subcutaneously at 5 mg/kg body weight. Two goats were sacrificed per time at 1, 2, 4, 6 and 12 h after drug administration and, blood, bile, urine, liver, lung, muscle and kidney gastrointestinal tissues/fluids were collected. Adult H. contortus were collected from abomasum, and all samples were analysed by HPLC system. Ricobendazole (RBZ) and its sulphone metabolite were extensively excreted by urine and distributed to all tissues and digestive tract, mainly into the abomasum fluid. RBZ concentration in the lung and ABZSO(2) in the kidney were relatively higher than those of other tissues, respectively. The parent drug and its metabolite were recovered in both male and female H. contortus. This study indicates that in goats the plasma concentration profiles of RBZ are strongly correlated with those achieved in different target tissues or fluids, which in turn, reflect the amount of drug taken up by parasites.Öğe Investigation of a 6-year seropositivity of Toxoplasma gondii in Abant Izzet Baysal University Educational Research Hospital(2018) Aydın Türkoğlu, Şule; Karabörk, Şeyda; Çakmak, Mücahit; Orallar, Hayriye; Yaman, Kerem; Ayaz, ErolOBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii IgG and IgM antibodies in patients who were admitted in Abant İzzet Baysal University Education and Research Hospital between January 2010 and December 2016 with a suspicion of toxoplasmosis. METHODS: Anti-T. gondii IgM and IgG antibodies and IgG avidity test determined by ELISA method in 14,262 serum samples belonging to the Abant İzzet Baysal University Education and Research Hospital were retrospectively investigated. RESULTS: IgG was detected in 4079 serum samples with 78% negative, 21% positive, and 0.8% gray zone. IgM was detected in 13,671 cases with 98% negative, 1.2% positive, and 0.5% gray zone. (3.8%, n=540) and neurology (3.4%, n=478) patients who were referred to the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic (88.3%, n=12,588) for the majority of the cases requested for the detection of T. gondii antibodies. It has been found that a request has been made. CONCLUSION: The seropositivity of T. gondii has been found to be so large that it should not be ignored. It has come to the conclusion that the events in the risk group should be taken into consideration for this parasite, and awareness should be established. In recent years, this awareness has been observed, especially in neurology clinics.Öğe Investigation of anxiolytic effects of meprobamate for pharmaceuticals determination of a new derivative of mepronarilmate composes(Wiley-Blackwell, 2016) Türkoğlu, Şule Aydın; Orallar, Hayriye; Ordu, Öznur Demir; Çetinkaya, Ayhan; Coşkun, Hamit; Ayaz, Erol[No Abstract Available]Öğe Locomotor differences in Mongolian gerbils with the effects of midazolam administration in the form of eye drops(Makerere Univ, Fac Med, 2014) Akkaya, Akcan; Tekelioğlu, Ümit Yaşar; Demirhan, Abdullah; Erdurmuş, Mesut; Apuhan, Tayfun; Bayır, Hakan; Ayaz, ErolBackground: Midazolam is a sedative-hypnotic agent with amnestic and anticonvulsant properties that can be administrated to mammals through various routes, such as intravenous, intramuscular, oral, intrathecal, rectal, and buccal. Midazolam administration in the form of eye drops through the conjunctiva is not reported in the literature. Aim: This study aims to demonstrate the possible central nervous system effects of midazolam administration as eyes drops in Mongolian gerbils. Materials and Methods: Fourteen gerbils were randomly assigned to one of two equal sized groups. The active arm received 2 ml of 10 mg midazolam as eye drops in both eyes. Control group received a total of 2 ml of physiological saline(0.9% NaCl). We subjected the gerbils to an adapted "Open Field" to determine the possible effects on central nervous system of midazolam. Gerbils were allowed to move freely in the open field. Before and after the drug administration, locomotor activities of each gerbil have been recorded. Frequency of loss of righting reflex was quantified. Results: Conjunctival midazolam administration resulted with the transient loss of righting reflex (p=0.017) and suppressed exploration motion (p=0.018) in the open field test compared to control subjects. Conclusions: In the present study, administration of conjunctival midazolam as an eye drop may affect gerbil's locomotor activities and open field behaviors. We argue that, using a sedative and anticonvulsive drug such as midazolam via conjunctival route may be useful in some clinical situations. Therefore, it could be beneficial to develop a new conjunctival formulation of midazolam. Also, there is a need for trials in humans with pharmacokinetic studies.Öğe Toxoplasma gondii and Epilepsy(2016) Ayaz, Erol; Türkoğlu, Şule Aydın; Orallar, HayriyeToxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic parasite can be seen in all the vital organ; in the acute phase, it can be found in the blood, cerebrospinal fluid, semen, tears, saliva, urine, and in almost all body fluids. Transplasental infection can lead to fetal damage and miscarriage. Its last hosts are felines and intermediate hosts are all mammals, including humans. People infected by the ingestion of meat containing cysts in undercooked or raw, are thrown oocysts with cat felines By taking in water and food, from mother to fetus transplacental way, the infected organ transplantation, blood transfusion, laboratory accidents and kaprofaj transmitted by mechanical vectors of the invertebrates. Suppression of the immune system is being transformed to the shape and texture of the cysts with bradyzoite. The parasite settles in the cells of the tissue cysts and causes change in the cellular mechanisms, such as cytokinin task. Depending on changes and type of neurotransmitter (GABA, glutamate, serotonin, dopamine) levels in CSF in ions (Ca, K, Cl, Mg), it is believed that there is a change in their concentration. In this review, literature about the relationship between T. gondii and epilepsy and epileptiform activity the importance of parasites, which settle in the brain, will be highlighted.
