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Öğe Anatomic study on sphenoidal emissary foramen by using cone-beam computed tomography(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2018) Bayrak, Seval; Çakmak, Emine Şebnem Kurşun; Atakan, Cemal; Orhan, KaanObjectives: The goal of this retrospective study is to evaluate the radiologic anatomy of sphenoidal emissary foramen (SEF) by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. Methods: Three hundred seventeen (189 female and 128 male) full-head CBCT images were evaluated in this study. Incidence, diameter, shape, confluence to foramen ovale, and distance to anatomic structures of SEF were noted. Results: In the 317 analyzed images, the SEF was identified in 89 (28.1%) images. Of these, 67 (21.1%) were unilateral, 22 were (6.9%) bilateral. The maximum mean diameter of SEF was measured 2.66mm on the right side and 2.82mm on the left side (P = 0.16). The most observed SEF shape was oval with the incidence of 68.5% (P <= 0.05). Confluence was observed in 23.4% of SEF whereof 84.6% were in the left side (P <= 0.05). Conclusion: Observations in this study tender new anatomic parameters regarding SEF incidence, characteristics, and distances to proximate anatomic structures. Knowledge related to SEF variations will be helpful for neurosurgeons and radiologist.Öğe Determination of alveolar bone height according to the relationship between molar teeth and maxillary sinus(Springer Heidelberg, 2020) Belgin, Ceren Aktuna; Bayrak, Seval; Atakan, CemalPurpose This study aims to analyze alveolar bone height (ABH) in the maxillary molar area according to the anatomical relationship between maxillary sinus and maxillary molar teeth via cone beam computed tomography images. Methods In 330 patients, 660 maxillary first molar (M1) and 648 maxillary second molar (M2) were evaluated. ABH measurements were made as to the shortest distance between the furcation midpoints of maxillary molars and the lowest point of the sinus floor. After the measurement, the positions of the maxillary molar teeth relative to the maxillary sinus were classified into four categories as type 1, 2, 3, and 4. Results ABH measurements in males were significantly higher than females (p< 0.05), but there were no differences between sides (p> 0.05). There were significant differences between types of both M1 and M2 for ABH, and the longest ABH was measured in type 1 (p< 0.05). Type 3 was the most common among 1308 maxillary molars teeth followed by type 1, type 2, and type 4. Conclusion Determination of the relationship between maxillary molar teeth and the maxillary sinus and analysis of ABH according to this relationship may help plan endodontic treatment, apical surgery, and immediate implant therapy and prevent their complications.Öğe Evaluation of a metal artifact reduction algorithm and an optimization filter in the estimation of peri-implant dehiscence defects by using cone beam computed tomography: an in-vitro study(Elsevier Science Inc, 2020) Bayrak, Seval; Orhan, Kaan; Çakmak, Emine Şebnem Kurşun; Görürgöz, Cansu; Odabaşı, Onur; Yılmaz, Derviş; Atakan, CemalObjectives. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a metal artifact reduction (MAR) algorithm and the adaptive image noise optimizer (AINO) optimization filter in the detection of peri-implant dehiscences with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Study Design. Nine implants (3 zirconium, 3 titanium, and 3 zirconium-titanium) were placed in 3 sheep heads. Dehiscences were created on the buccal and lingual/palatal surfaces. A total of 9 defects and 9 controls with no defects were evaluated by 3 observers. Each sheep head was scanned 5 times with 4 scan modes; (1) without MAR/without AINO; (2) with MAR/without AINO; (3) without MAR/with AINO; and (4) with MAR/with AINO. Receiver operating characteristic analysis and weighted kappa coefficients were used to calculate diagnostic efficacy and intra- and interobserver agreements for each implant type and scan mode. Results. For all implant types, dehiscences were most accurately detected when both MAR and AINO were applied (P <= .045). Detection of dehiscences was more accurate with titanium implants (P <= .040). There were no significant differences in agreement among and between the observers. Conclusions. The use of both MAR and AINO enhanced the detection accuracy of artificially created dehiscences in proximity to implants. Their combined use is recommended for detecting peri-implant dehiscences.Öğe Evaluation of anatomical and volumetric characteristics of the nasopalatine canal in anterior dentate and edentulous individuals: a CBCT study(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2018) Demiralp, Kemal Özgür; Çakmak, Emine Şebnem Kurşun; Bayrak, Seval; Şahin, Onur; Atakan, CemalObjective: To examine the nasopalatine canal (NPC) anatomical and volumetric measurements in anterior edentulous (AE) and anterior dentate (AD) individuals and to compare these findings according to sex, age, shape, and severity of resorption in the premaxilla. Methods: Two hundred cone beam computed tomography images were divided into 2 groups: AE and AD. The diameter, the length of the NPC and the width, the length of the buccal bone anterior to the NPC were measured and recorded. Linear and volumetric measurement results were evaluated in terms of age, sex, dental status, shape, and severity of resorption. Results: No significant differences were observed between the AE and AD groups in terms of the NPC volume (P = 0.289). In the AE group, the spindle shape had the highest volume, and in the same group, with aging, the volume significantly increased (P = 0.00). The mean NPC volume was found to be statistically significantly larger in males than females (P = 0.02). A statistically significant relation was observed between NPC volume and resorption status. Conclusion: Severe bone resorption due to sustained edentation complicated implant surgery because of the increase in incisive and nasal foramen diameters and decrease in buccal residual bone dimensions. The NPC volume was found fewer in edentulous patients, and by the resorption, the volume was decreased.Öğe Evaluation of relationship between maxillary sinus pathologies and ostium dimension: A retrospective cone beam computed tomography study(2018) Bayrak, Seval; Ustaoğlu, Gülbahar; Çakmak, Emine Şebnem Kurşun; Atakan, CemalObjective: Maxillary sinus ostium is the top section of the medial wall the and is hence poorly placed from the point of view of free drainage; it opens into the narrow ethmoidal infundibulum, inflammation of which can further break drainage, so this may cause in the development of chronic maxillary sinusitis. This study aims to evaluate maxillary sinus pathologies (MSP) and their possible relation with maxillary sinus ostium dimensions. Material and Methods: Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scans which belong to 139 patients (52 male and 87 female) were retrospectively evaluated with regard to ostium dimensions and the presence of MSP including retention cyst and mucosal thickening. Independent Samples t-test and Pearson Chi-Square were used to for statistical analysis. Results: No statistically significant difference was observed between patients with and without MSP in terms of ostium width (p=0.13). While the mean ostium width was 2.08 mm in the patient with MSP it was measured as 2.14 mm in patients without MSP. For all patients examined, right and left ostiums mean widths were 1.97 mm (Range 0.67-4.25) and 2.26 mm (Range 0.67-5.25), respectively. No significant difference was observed in ostium width according to gender (p?0.05). Among all patients, 18.7% (n=26) had MSP; of these 10 were bilateral and 16 were unilateral. Conclusion: MSP is the common finding in CBCT examinations and the results of this study showed that MSP does not seem to be associated with the ostium width.Öğe Prevalence and characteristics of soft tissue calcifications in cbct images of mandibular region(2020) Cakmak, Emine Sebnem Kursun; Bayrak, Seval; Atakan, CemalObjectives: The goal of the study is to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of soft tissue calcifications (STCs) detected in the mandibular region in CBCT images. Methods: 242 (150 female, 92 male) mandibula CBCT images were evaluated in this study. Prevalence, anatomical location, pattern (bilateral or unilateral), size (mm), number (single or multiple), age (<35, 35-50, >50) and gender tendency were recorded. Images were evaluated in the axial, coronal and 3D reformated images. The Chi-square test was used to test for differences of the STC groups and the percentage values. Results: 88 patients (36.4%) had at least one STC in the mandibular region. The mean age of the patients with STC was 58.3±11.06 years. No gender predilection was stated in terms of the presence of STC. STC was higher in patients over 50 years than the other age groups (p=0.00). Most of the STCs were unilateral, above 3mm in size, single and located in the lingual aspect of the mandible. Conclusion: It is of vital importance for clinicians to know characteristics of STCs and to detect STCs in early stages especially those concerning systemic conditions and to prevent life-threatening consequences.Öğe Trabecular structure designation using fractal analysis technique on panoramic radiographs of patients with bisphosphonate intake: A preliminary study(Springer, 2019) Demiralp, Kemal Özgür; Çakmak, Emine Şebnem Kurşun; Bayrak, Seval; Akbulut, Nihat; Atakan, Cemal; Orhan, KaanObjectiveThis study was performed to evaluate the trabecular pattern of patients with cancer taking bisphosphonates on panoramic images using fractal dimension (FD) analysis by comparison with healthy subjects and to assess whether any difference exists between regions.MethodsFD analysis was conducted using ImageJ 1.3 software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA) with the box-counting method on panoramic radiographs of 33 patients taking bisphosphonates (13 males and 20 females) and 33 healthy sex- and age-matched individuals.ResultsFD values were higher (1.390.14) in the study group than control group (1.38 +/- 0.07) (p0.05). No difference was detected in the FD values among the tested regions. The mean FD values in the control and study groups were as follows: region 1, 1.49 and 1.41 (p=0.54); region 2, 1.36 and 1.37 (p=0.84); region 3, 1.35 and 1.42 (p=0.11); and region 4, 1.39 and 1.39 (p=0.90), respectively. Female patients showed significantly lower values above the mandibular canal on the distal side of the second premolar and anterior to the mental foramen than did male patients (p0.05). Age was unrelated to the FD in the study group (p0.05).ConclusionsThe FD values of the patients with cancer taking bisphosphonates were higher than those of the controls. FD analysis showed the potential for examining bone structure in panoramic radiographs. Studies with a larger sample size are necessary to confirm these results.
