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    Does random pattern skin flap supply adequate circulation to the underlying muscle through musculocutaneous perforators by reverse flow? An experimental study
    (Thieme Medical Publ Inc, 2007) Yazar, Şükrü; Çetinkale, Oğuz; Demir, Mustafa; Demirkesen, Cuyan; Arslan, Hakan
    An experimental study was designed to examine whether the blood supply of the muscle would be maintained by a reverse flow from the random pattern skin flap through the musculocutaneous perforators. A flap model containing rat rectus abdominis muscle and randomly based overlying abdominal skin was designed. Sixty rats were divided into four experimental groups as follows. In group I, scintigraphy and microangiography were performed in 10 and 6 rats, respectively, immediately after flap elevation. In group II, scintigraphy and microangiography were performed in 10 and 6 rats, respectively, 2 days after flap elevation. In group III, surviving skin paddle area was evaluated in 16 rats 7 days after flap elevation. After evaluation of surviving skin paddle area, the same animals were used for microangiographic (n¼6) and scintigraphic (n¼10) studies at the same day. In group IV, histopathologic examination was done in six flap muscles each 2 and 6 weeks after flap elevation (n¼12). The mean percentage of surviving skin paddle area was 95.6 6.5% on postoperative day 7. Microangiography showed progressively developed blood flow from the skin to muscle through the musculocutaneous perforators in groups II and III, respectively. The radioisotope uptake of the operated muscle was 40.9 12.8% immediately after flap elevation (group I), 58.3 15.6% on postoperative day 2 (group II), and 70.7 25.6% on postoperative day 7 (group III). There was a significant difference only between group I and group III (p<0.05, analysis of variance). Histopathologically prominent atrophy, lipomatoses, and fibroses were revealed at week 6. The poor circulation and viability outcomes of the muscle revealed in the study are because of immediately insufficient blood microcirculation at the distal part of the random pattern skin flap.
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    Re-design, re-use and recycle of temporary houses
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2007) Arslan, Hakan
    Disasters are recurring to global problems, which results in homelessness. The affected region had economical, environmental and social problems as well. In relief and reconstruction phases, the need for integrated management appeared in order to use the national sources actively and productively. Especially housing implementations had an important role for future development of the affected region. For accelerating the reconstruction of the region and forming a sustainable community, which maintains itself socially, environmentally and economically over time; energy usage for construction should be kept to a minimum. Past research in Turkey shows that the cost of temporary houses (to be used as the short term shelter) had a ratio of 10-15% of the total expenses of whole construction activity. For saving money and protecting the environment and conserving scarce resources, the affected region must consider the option of temporary houses to meet their short and long-term need during the reconstruction process. After the end of usage, temporary houses should be able to be re-used for the same or new function. This study is a test of re-design and re-use of a temporary housing site; by using recycled materials, minimum energy and voluntary participation so that this site can finally become a permanent housing site. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.