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    The effectiveness of intra-articular bleomycin versus methotrexate in a chronic synovitis model
    (Kuwait Medical Assoc, 2020) Maralcan, Gökhan; İnan, Ulukan; Kuru, İlhami; Aktepe, Fatma; Işık, Cengiz
    Objective: To compare the effectiveness of methotrexate which was proven to be effective for rheumatoid arthritis and bleomycin in a synovitis model. Our aim was to show whether bleomycin could be used for chemical synovectomy purposes. Design: Experimental study Setting: Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, Turkey Subjects: Fifteen mature New Zealand rabbits were studied. Synovitis was induced by repeated injections of lambda carrageenan. Interventions: Knees of the subjects were grouped as sham, bleomycin and methotrexate. After synovitis occurred, sterile saline injected knees formed the sham group, bleomycin and methotrexate injected knees composed the study groups. In the 9th week of the study, animals were euthanised. Standard specimens were harvested from all knees. Immunoperoxidase staining was performed. Main outcome measures: The intensity of synovitis was evaluated with thickness of the synovial cell layers, intensity of inflammatory infiltrate and iNOS expression in cells. Results: Thickness of the synovial cell layers was greater in the sham group than in the study groups (p<0.05). Intensity of inflammatory infiltrate, lymphoplasmacytoid infiltrate, and histiocytes in the sham group were greater than in the study groups (p<0.05). iNOS expression in histocytes and plasma cells was significantly decreased in the study groups compared to sham operated group (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between bleomycin and methotrexate groups with respect to synovial cell layer thickness and lymphoplasmacytoid infiltrate. Conclusions: According to these results, intraarticular bleomycin seems as effective as methotrexate in experimental synovitis model.
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    Histopathologic changes in the rabbit submandibular gland after 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2010) Ozel, Oktay; Aycicek, Abdullah; Kenar, Fethullah; Aktepe, Fatma; Sargin, Ramazan; Yilmaz, Mustafa Deniz; Derekoy, Fevzi Sefa
    Aim: To determine the early-stage effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on the histology of the submandibular gland. Materials and methods: The study included 30 New Zealand rabbits. They were divided into 3 groups. No drugs were administered to group 1 (control group), and 5-FU was administered for 5 days to group 2 and for 10 days to group 3. Submandibular gland excision was then performed. Histopathological examination was performed with hematoxylin-eosin staining, apoptosis was determined based on TUNEL staining, and cell proliferation was examined using the PCNA antibody. Results: While no granular change was seen in group 1, granular change was observed in the acinar cell cytoplasm in 5 rabbits in group 2 and in 5 rabbits in group 3 (P < 0.05). The rate of apoptosis in the acinar and ductal cells was higher in group 3 than in groups 1 and 2, according to TUNEL staining (P < 0.05). While no cellular proliferation in the acinar cells was observed with PCNA staining in any of the groups, there was a statistically significant difference in group 3 in ductal cellular proliferation, as compared to groups 1 and 2 (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Toxic effects of 5-FU were observed after 10 days. We suggest that a standard animal model can be developed based on group 3 results. We also think that drug trials concerned with protecting the salivary gland from the effects of chemotherapy can be conducted based on this model.