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    Deadly poisonous turkish mushrooms containing alpha amanitin
    (Duzce University Medical School, 2015) Akata, Ilgaz; Kaya, Ertuğrul; Yılmaz, İsmail; Bakırcı, Sinan; Bayram, Recep
    Mushroom poisoning is still a serious health problem for Turkey. The mushroom species which cause fatal mushroom poisoning have been reported to contain at least 98% alpha-amanitin. The knowledge of the poisonous mushroom species including alpha- amanitin is important for the treatment and prevention of these poisonings. In this review, the mushrooms containig alpha-amanitin and causing deadly mushroom poisinings were listed and given information about their poisonus effects. According to literature, nine poisonous mushroom species which include alpha-amanitin have so far been reported from Turkey. These are Lepiota brunneoincarnata; Lepiota castanea; Lepiota helveola; Lepiota subincarnata; Amanita phalloides; Amanita verna; Amanita virosa; Conocybe filaris and Galerina marginata. © 2012 Düzce Medical Journal.
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    Toxin content and toxicological significance in different tissues and development stages of Lepiota Brunneoincarnata Mushroom
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2015) Yılmaz, İsmail; Bakırcı, Sinan; Akata, Ilgaz; Bayram, Recep; Kaya, Ertuğrul
    We investigated the quantity and concentration of toxins in different parts and in different growth phases of Lepiota brunneoincarnata mushroom. The amatoxins and phallotoxin levels were measured using the reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method. Alpha amanitin (2.38 +/- 0.70mg/g) was followed by beta amanitin (1.97 +/- 0.52mg/g) and gamma amanitin (0.04 +/- 0.01mg/g) in trace amounts; it did not contain any phallotoxin. The cap part is richer in amatoxins than the stipe part. While medium mushrooms were quite rich in amatoxins, less levels of toxin were measured in fully developed mushrooms. The study showed in detail the toxin concentrations of L. brunneoincarnata with regard to different developmental stages and different segments.