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    A comparative study of the 5 mm-layer Vickers hardness model with bulk-fill resin-based composites
    (2021) Bal, Fatma Aytaç; Ağaccioğlu, Merve; Demir, Osman
    Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the Vickers hardness numbers\r(VHNs) of two bulk-fill resin-based composites (BFRBC) and a conventional\rhybrid resin-based composite (RBC) through the layers of a 5mm thickness\rmodel with two different light-curing time intervals.\rMethodology: In the present study, a sonic-activated and dual-cure\rBFRBC, and a conventional hybrid RBC were used. Semi-cylindrical\rspecimens 4 mm in radius and 5 mm in height were prepared using a twopiece stainless-steel mold (n=10). The BFRBCs allowed a single 5mm\rincrement to be introduced into the molds, whereas hybrid RBC was\rincremented (2+2+1 mm). Two different time intervals were applied for\rthe light-curing (irradiance of 1200 mW/cm2) of each material (hybridsonic-activated bulk-fill, 20 s and 40 s; dual-cure bulk-fill, 7 s and 15 s).\rVHN measurements were carried out from top to bottom at every 1 mm of\rthe specimen thickness. Data were analyzed using three-way and two-way\rANOVA for the VHN and bottom/top ratios and Bonferroni correction for\rmultiple comparisons (p=0.05).\rResults: For each layer and time interval groups, there was a significant\rdifference between the materials. The highest VHN was found within\rhybrid groups, whereas dual-cure bulk-fill groups showed the lowest\rresults. Sonic-activated bulk-fill had the lowest bottom/top ratios, which\rwere significantly different from those of the other materials. There was\rno significant difference between the different time intervals for\rbottom/top ratios within each material.\rConclusion: Increased irradiation intervals positively affected the VHN\rof hybrid and dual-cure bulk-fill. BFRBCs showed clinically acceptable\rbottom/top hardness ratios.