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Öğe Burden on caregivers of patients with schizophrenia and related factors(Aves, 2016) Yazıcı, Esra; Karabulut, Ümit; Yıldız, Mustafa; Tekeş, Sinem Başkan; İnan, Eda; Çakır, UğurIntroduction: Caregivers of patients with schizophrenia are under the burden of continuous and difficult processes. Determination of the factors related to caregiver burden in schizophrenia may help find strategies to decrease the burden. This study aimed at investigating the factors associated with caregiver burden among relatives of patients with schizophrenia. Methods: Eighty-eight caregivers of patients under treatment for schizophrenia for at least 1 year were included in the study. The Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview was used for the assessment of caregiver burden. Sociodemographical data, the level of knowledge about schizophrenia, clinical impression scale, and global assessment of functioning were used to evaluate the related factors. Results: Caregiver burden was negatively correlated with income level and functionality of the patient and was positively correlated with the age of the caregiver, the daily time spent with the patient, and the number of hospitalizations of the patient (p<0.05). There was no significant correlation between the caregivers' knowledge about schizophrenia and caregiver burden (p<0.05). Living in the same house with the patient was a positive predictor, whereas functionality and income level of the patient and education level of the caregiver were negative predictors (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study highlighted the importance of setting targets for improving the functionality of patients in the design and implementation of rehabilitation and support programs for patients with schizophrenia. Additionally, providing higher income for patients, creating conditions for an independent life, and increasing incentives for younger caregivers with a higher educational level may help decrease caregiver burden.Öğe Reliability and validity of The Turkish version of cognitive Assessment interview (CAI-TR)(Kure Iletisim Grubu A S, 2015) Boşgelmez, Şükriye; Yıldız, Mustafa; Yazıcı, Esra; İnan, Eda; Turgut, Celaleddin; Çakır, UğurObjective: The Cognitive Assessment Interview (CAI) is an interview-based scale developed to assess cognitive functioning of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. It is scored by a clinician according to patient and informant interview. This study aimed to determine the reliability and validity of the CAI-Turkish Version (CAI-TR). Methods: The Cognitive Assessment Interview (CAI) was translated to Turkish and back to English and the back-translated form of the scale was approved by Dr. Ventura, its original developer.The translated text was administered to five schizophrenia outpatients as a pilot study and was deemed appropriate following a joint review by the research team. Ninety clinically stable outpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder diagnosis were evaluated by clinicians using SCID-I (CV), PANNS, and Social Functioning Scale. To assess the patients' neurocognitive status, certified expert psychologists administered a neurocognitive test battery including Oktem Verbal Memory Process Test, Wechsler Memory Scale-Digit Span, Verbal Fluency Test, Continuous Performance Test, Trail Making Test-A, Tower of London Test, The "Reading the Mind in the Eyes"test (Eyes Test), and Facial Emotion Identification and Discrimination Test. Results: Internal consistency of CAI-TR was good, with Cronbach's alpha value of 0.97. For patient scores, Cronbach's alpha value was 0.91. Each item of CAI-TR was correlated with the related neurocognitive test (r=0.242-0.564; p<0.05). Moreover, overall scores of CAI-TR showed statistically significant correlations with Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) (r=-0.538, p<0.001), social functioning (r=-0.520; p<0.01), and objective neurocognitive tests. As a measure of external validity of CAI-TR, statistically significant correlations were determined between patient, informant and interviewer evaluations independent of source of information (r=0.707, r=0.830, r=0.835, respectively; p<0.001 for all). Mean duration of patient interview was 18.7 minutes (8-30 min; SD=5.4), mean duration of informant interview was 18.0 minutes (10-25 min; SD=5.0) and total mean duration of CAI administration was 36.6 minutes (18-55 min; SD=9.7). Discussion: The analysis indicated that CAI-TR was a reliable and valid instrument to evaluate cognitive functioning. Ratings obtained from patient interview were also significant. CAI-TR is found to be a very practical and useful tool with some additional advantages such as being a clinically based interview with a brief administration time providing information about patients'functioning.